Basic Report

  
  
   These days the Korean society faces the problems of regional/local polarizationthat aggravates the crisis of peripheral areas such as emigrant, aging and decreasingpopulation, and as a result, the central government and local administrative bodies arestrongly desired to deploy a development strategy against those issues. Commonapproaches they have been apt to adopt since the late 20th century arecommunity-driven development, machi-tsukuri, and community interest bodies to revivecommunities and localities and to promote, in terms of the promotion of socialeconomy, community business and co-operatives based on local resources toward theendogenous development of the area. In Korea, some of the recently-elected mayors insome metropolitan and local governments has been tried since the beginning of the21th century to reform with citizen participation some remarkable livable communitydesign projects which has been revealed as successful so far today, while most ofsimilar projects performed by the central and other local/metro governments without itstill seems to be fruitless.This study is intended to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of suchpolicy efforts by paying attention to the factors affected to the discrepancy betweenthe respective effects of such livable community projects driven mainly byadministrative offices and by participations of various stakeholders including citizens.The purpose of this study is therefore to find the key success factors of and tounderstand community-driven development processes in order to help Korean policymakers to recognize the importance of public participation and to provide them withpolicy strategy and adequate tools for the development towards alleviating thepossibility of undesirable results from planning and performing their communitydevelopment plans.The first part of this report deals with the key success factors of the processes ofcommunity-driven development throughout the comprehensive survey and review ofvarious theoretical and empirical literature related to the development in community level.From the literature review the authors approve to conceptualize the processes ofcommunity-driven development and elaborate a list of the key success factors of theprocesses suitable for the characteristics of Korean peripheral areas. Second, the in-depthcase study is presented of some successful Korean cases of the development to test thefactors empirically. The authors selects a set of Korean model cases of community-drivendevelopment consisting of the 19 community-level projects that have been mentioned assuccessful in emprical literatures or awarded by the public during the last 5 yrs.The third part of the report is to perform a questionnaire survey of mainparticipants to measure the effect of each factors of the community-drivendevelopment. Also, a Structural-Equation model of the factors and the relevant analysisare performed to systematic effects of the factors. The result of the survey and themodel analysis reveals that most of the factors, among utilization of local resources,reinforcement of local identity, human capital accumulation and education, formulationof community-driven leadership, participation of comprehensive local stakeholders, aresignificant during the development process in the Korean cases. The fourth part ofthe reports consists of explaining of the dynamic property of community-drivendevelopment process and suggesting a mid- and long-term strategy of the relevantpolicy as well as the best practice model, including the establishment of communitysupporting and incubating agencies and the legislation of laws and ordinance forcommunity-driven development for Korean policy makers.The contribution point of this study is to perform the first comprehensive studyof community-driven development in Korea, and practically, to provide various policyalternatives and tools accelerating public and stakeholder participation under the currentgovernment-driven development strategy. The authors finally comments that the factorsof community-driven development derived and approved in this study would begeneralized and extended if considering various local characteristics by types andchanging environments, such as climate change and economic crisis likely to affect thecommunity-driven development in further research.